Ethics, Risks and Responsible Innovation

This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of responsible innovation (RI) as a framework for addressing ethical challenges and managing risks in emerging technologies. Drawing on contemporary scholarship, the chapter explores the theoretical foundations of responsible research and innovation (RRI), including its four core dimensions: anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness. It examines critical ethical challenges arising from emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and digital platforms, including issues of bias, privacy, equity, and unintended consequences. The chapter analyzes risk assessment and management approaches within innovation contexts, highlighting the tensions between control and uncertainty inherent in technological development. Stakeholder engagement mechanisms and governance frameworks are explored, from anticipatory governance to embedded ethics approaches. Real-world applications in healthcare, agriculture, energy systems, and digital ecosystems illustrate the practical implementation of the principles of RI. The chapter concludes with actionable recommendations for researchers, policymakers, industry practitioners, and civil society organizations seeking to foster innovation that is ethically sound, socially beneficial, and aligned with public values. This synthesis contributes to ongoing efforts to shape technology development trajectories toward social well-being while maintaining innovation capacity.